How to Turn Lead Into Gold

Before chemistry was a science, there was alchemy. One of the supreme quests of alchemists was to transmute  (transform) lead into gold. Lead (atomic number 82) and gold (atomic number 79) are defined as elements by the number of protons they possess. Changing the element requires changing the atomic (proton) number. The number of protons in an element cannot be altered by any chemical means. However, physics may be used to add or remove protons and thereby change one element into another. Because lead is stable, forcing it to release three protons requires a vast input of energy, so much so that the cost of transmuting it greatly surpasses the value of any resulting gold. History Transmutation of lead into gold isnt just theoretically possible—its been achieved! Its been reported that Glenn Seaborg, 1951 Nobel Laureate in Chemistry, succeeded in transmuting a minute quantity of lead (although he may have started with bismuth, another stable metal often substituted for lead) into gold in 1980. An earlier report (1972) details an accidental discovery by Soviet physicists at a nuclear research facility near Lake Baikal in Siberia of a reaction that had turned the lead shielding of an experimental reactor into gold. Transmutation Today Today, particle accelerators routinely transmute elements. A charged particle is accelerated using electrical and magnetic fields. In a linear accelerator, the charged particles drift through a series of charged tubes separated by gaps. Every time the particle emerges between gaps, its accelerated by the potential difference between adjacent segments. In a circular accelerator, magnetic fields accelerate particles moving in circular paths. In either case, the accelerated particle impacts a target material, potentially knocking free protons or neutrons and making a new element or isotope. Nuclear reactors also may be used for creating elements, although the conditions are less controlled. In nature, new elements are created by adding protons and neutrons to hydrogen atoms within the nucleus of a star, producing increasingly heavier elements, up to iron (atomic number 26). This process is called nucleosynthesis. Elements heavier than iron are formed in the stellar explosion of a supernova. In a supernova, gold may be transformed into lead—but not the other way around. While it may never be commonplace to transmute lead into gold, it is practical to obtain gold from lead ores. The minerals galena (lead sulfide, PbS), cerussite (lead carbonate, PbCO3), and anglesite (lead sulfate, PbSO4) often contain zinc, gold, silver, and other metals. Once the ore has been pulverized, chemical techniques are sufficient to separate the gold from the lead. The result is almost alchemy.

Basic Treatment and Information on Attention Deficient...

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, ADHD, is a behavior disability that affects children from 6-12 years of age and continues to show symptoms later in their adult life. Even though large amounts of the population are affected by ADHD, it is still unknown as to what the exact cause of ADHD. Depending on what type of diagnostic is used, there are anywhere from 1-2% to 6-7% of children around the world that have ADHD. Even though the exact cause of ADHD is not known, there are many people that believe that it is a combination of genetics and environment. ADHD is currently unable to be cured, but there are several treatment plans that work to combat the symptoms and help children maintain focus in a classroom. Many of these†¦show more content†¦However, preschoolers with early signs of ADHD may also have co-occurring oppositional noncompliant behaviors, temper tantrums, and aggression that overshadow symptoms of inattention and overactivity and confound the diagnosis . These behaviors may be given the more general label of a Disruptive Behavior Disorder (DBD), which include Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) and Conduct Disorder (CD) as well as ADHD. If not already identified by an early age, preschool youngsters with ODD frequently meet criteria for ADHD by grade school. Although there are characters in novels with ADHD-like behaviors are described much earlier, the first clinical description of the syndrome was presented by Sir George Frederick Still in 1902 (Still, 1902). In a series of lectures subsequently published in The Lancet, he describes children, more often boys than girls, who display ‘an abnormal capacity for sustained attention causing school failure, even in the absence of intellectual retardation’. He provides virtually a textbook description of ADHD children: his assessment and interpretations perhaps influenced and obscured

Business Violations Taxation and Ethics

Question: Discuss about the Business Violations for Taxation and Ethics. Answer: Introduction: Business is define as moral or immoral from the stand it takes in respect to taxation and ethics. Taxation comes under the ambit of ethics and hence, business that has a strong reporting mechanism and files its tax as a concerned entity is treated with dignity. With the due passage of time, there has been a major increment in the tax avoidance rules that is hurting the sentiments of the government. Any activity done to suppress tax makes the business immoral. Morality consists in proper reporting and paying taxes. One can judge a business from the policies it undertook in governance and ethics that includes the part of taxation (Moffett et. al, 2011). However, it is evident that financial accounting is an ethical ground and there are no ways to eradicate it completely from the system. The accounting concepts need to be adhered when it comes to reporting of the financial statements. Accounting plays a dominant role in a wide range of manner. It is difficult to establish an organization structure or strategy without it. However, with the due passage of time, it is noted that the tool of accounting is used in a manner to suppress the amount of tax and to show the figure of tax below a certain level. The above article clearly projects the strategies used to show a lower tax level (Murphy, 2012). From the above, it can be stated that the current business is immoral because the transparency of the tax system is missing in Gina Rinehart and Andrew Forrest. It is a common parlance that the loopholes in the system of tax are use to suppress the tax amount. In the case of Andrew Foresst it is seen that two different approach is used in Fortescue Metals Group and his own business Tattarang. However, the ATO figure projected something different that states the related entities have been merge into the tax of Tattarang that could not be include in the accounts of ASIC. This is immoral in nature because it projects the limitation of the tax transparency. The main highlight of this article lies in the fact that the company is reporting only a certain amount of the income. Such strategies project the development in the accounting policies and firms. This project that the loopholes in the system of tax is used in an effective manner (Ingram, 2016). Each of the big 321 companies are a separate part of larger group that contains various companies, trust, individual, etc. hence, it is clear from the scenario, that the real tax payment is suppressed and business have a general tendency to evade it (Martin, 2016). The tax transparency report projects that a huge sum of $1.6 billion in terms of tax is still payable by the entities that are associated. Hence, it is clear that the method of reporting and non-reporting entity is used. Tax payable is mandatory but the system suffers a drawback as the companies tries to avoid it through shell companies or includi ng many associated which ultimately becomes a big problem (Ingram, 2016). The tax transparency report projected that $1.6 million were payable by the associated entities that means a huge sum is pending to the government and this is done through the introduction and addition of separate entities. Associated entities are present to conceal income and the article projects that 98 companies do not pay tax at all. However, it is upon the whims of the company to expose their related entities. Related entities must follow a reporting and do the necessary act that is required to comply with the regulations. However, little is done in this regard and there are various scandals that have really shook the entire corporate world. The loopholes of the tax exploited so that the reporting of the tax is lower. The onus is entirely on the companies to project the best figure as it adds to the revenue of the government in terms of tax. The concept of tax avoidance is prevalent in the system from a long time and with the passage of time, it has come to the forefront (Murphy, 2008). As per the estimates and report, it is a glaring fact that the concept of related entity has added a lot of burden to the government revenue. Multinationals get a relief from the basic responsibility that is social in nature, to pay tax and any form of suppression of tax is immoral in nature. The consequences are negative and hen ce, it adds to the pressure of the government. In short, it can be define as a scandal. References Ingram, D 2016, Examples of Ethics Violations in Business, viewed 12 September 2016, https://smallbusiness.chron.com/examples-ethics-violations-business-25673.html Martin, P 2016, Tax avoidance schemes and the role of accountants, viewed 12 September 2016, https://www.kennedyslaw.com/article/tax-avoidance-schemes-and-the-role-of-accountants/ Moffett, M. Stonehill, A. and Eiteman, D 2011, Fundamentals of Multinational Finance, Cambridge USA Murphy, R 2008, The Missing Billions: The UK Tax Gap, TUC. Murphy, R 2012, Why are they increasing the tax gap?, Public and Commercial Services Union, vol. 2,no. 1, pp. 10-22.

Music Television Station (Mtv) And Public Broadcasting Station Essays

Music Television Station (Mtv) And Public Broadcasting Station The broadcasting of the Music Television Station (MTV) and Public Broadcasting Station(PBS) inform the public of various issues concerning news, politics, education, and also a source of entertainment. MTV is a television station that is hip and trendy, while it still covers the main issues of today's society. MTV is known for its flamboyance, the host/hostess are dressed very trendy, the guest are famous and rich, and the shows are informative but not to serious. PBS on the other hand is a station that has all the things that MTV offers but uses subtle antics. While MTV uses it flamboyance for recognition, PBS uses its low-key profile that mainly focused on family and education. The broadcasting of MTV and PBS informs the public of various issues concerning the news, politics, education, and is also a source of entertainment PBS is devoted to the education of adults and children. Its has a wide range of shows that are for education and the topics are interesting. In which PBS has used for their advantage to gain popularity. The shows are different each week, PBS only has a few sitcoms that air weekly. Most of the free airtime is used for shows that are educational but interesting. The shows have topics that deal with animals, wars, the growing of flowers, cars, childcare etc. The topics are unlimited and that is what keeps people watching PBS you never really know what youre going to see. On the weekends PBS has a program called Austin City Limits. A lot of famous bands/singers perform on this show. The bands are usually made up of 5 or 6 people, which makes the atmosphere less like a concert. With the band being smaller it makes the vocals of the lead singer stand out. The audience is made up of 50 people or more with a crowd so small you rarely hear a noises. PBS includes everyone in their programming especially the children, the shows are usually educational and entertaining at the same time. They have a show that teaches the children how to read but at the same time they learn to sing a new song. All across the United States people talk about politics non-stop. Politics have been going on forever some talk about it and some over look it. PBS has many politicians that come and talk about their beliefs on the government and the effects of it on economy. They talk about the downfall of the government or how proud they are about their government. Usually around the time of elections PBS airs shows with the two candidates debating on each others. Sometimes it gets heated and you see the look of discuss on their faces. When watching the debates it makes you think about the candidates beliefs and choices before you vote. In the evening time you can turn to PBS and watch the news. The news is interesting but it doesnt use all the high tech graphics that most big networks do. The announcer talks about all the issues across the world. They tell the news and at the end of the broadcast they tell weather and some of the upcoming shows on PBS. They rarely talk about sports usually about once a week they speak of a recognized sporting event. MTV is a television station that is mostly for entertainment but when they view other shows they are everything you could want and more. The educational shows are mainly about sex, drugs, and dysfunctional families. The stories are usually about one person and how they life their life while dealing with addictions and a bad family life. You often look at the people on the show and you automatically think how easily that could be you. Other times the shows are about raising a child and being single. The show makes you look at like in all perspectives. The main theme of MTV is music and entertainment. It is a ongoing party that has bands from all across the world. The channel is devoted to teen bands and rock groups. They show bands live in concert in another country. They also have fashion shows at the beach. The

Rate of rate of hydrochloric acid and mange essays

Rate of rate of hydrochloric acid and mange essays Rate of rate of hydrochloric acid and mangesium ribbon In the reaction between hydrochloric acid and magnesium ribbon, the hydrochloric acid will dissolve the magnesium and produce hydrogen gas. All chemical reactions involve reactants which when mixed may cause a chemical reaction which will make products. In my case the reactants are hydrochloric acid and magnesium ribbon. The chemical reaction takes place when the magnesium ribbon is dropped into the hydrochloric acid. The products that are formed during this reaction are hydrogen gas and magnesium chloride. The formula equation for this experiment is: Magnesium + Hydrochloric acid (r) Magnesium Chloride + Hydrogen ( s ) ( aq ) ( aq ) ( g ) Magnesium will react with hydrochloric acid, because it is higher in the reactivity series that hydrogen. When the two chemicals react a displacement reaction will take place and the magnesium will displace the hydrogen in the hydrochloric acid forming magnesium chloride and hydrogen gas. Li (lithium) all to dangerous to react with a strong acid Zn (zinc) these metals will react with hydrochloric acid as they Fe (iron) they are higher in the reactivity series than hydrogen Sn (tin) and so a displacement reaction will take place Hg (mercury) none of these metals will react with hydrochloric Ag (silver) acid as they are all lower in the reactivity series than Al (gold) hydrogen, therefore a displacement reaction will not happen Depending on certain factors the rate that this reaction will take place will either increase or decrease. The factors that may affect the rate of reaction are as follows: Temperature of the Hydrochloric Acid Mass of the magnesium ribbon used Concentration of the Hydrochloric acid Surface area of the magnesium ribbon used All of these factors will change the rate of reaction because of the Collisi...

Addendum on Used To vs. Use To

Addendum on Used To vs. Use To Addendum on Used To vs. Use To Addendum on Used To vs. Use To By Maeve Maddox It sometimes happens that I write a post that I think is beautifully focused on one point of usage, and then I receive a slew of emails faulting me for misrepresenting the topic. That’s what happened with a post on the modal use of used and use to express habitual action in the past. When an article receives this kind of response, I have to assume that my intended explanation wasn’t as clear as I thought it was. The post was based on the following question from a reader: Which is correct    He USED to go to the game on Friday. He USE to go to the game on Friday. All I intended to point out in my answer was that used is the correct choice for the examples given, but that use is correct when it follows the negative didn’t. What I said was, When the statement is positive, as in the reader’s example, the expression is used to. In negative statements, the expression is use to. For example, â€Å"He didn’t use to go to the game on Friday.† One reader correctly commented, â€Å"The distinction is not really about positivity/negativity,† and offered the following sentences as evidence: He did use to go to the game on Friday. He never used to go to the game on Friday. The first example is correct as a contradictory statement. For example: Person A: He didn’t use to go to the game on Friday. Person B: He did use to go to the game on Friday. The second example contains the negative adverb never, but used is still the correct form. Any adverb, negative or otherwise, may modify the modal used: never used to go always used to go rarely used to go I apologize for my sweeping statements about positive and negative. Another reader asks, Can we say â€Å"usednt to† instead of  Ã¢â‚¬Å"didn’t  use to†? It depends. If you live in the UK or some other place where this expression is common, go ahead and use it. If you say it to an American speaker, you’re likely to get a puzzled look. For British speakers, here’s what it says about the different forms in The Penguin Writer’s Manual: The strictly correct negative form of used to is used not to, which can be shortened to usedn’t to: â€Å"You used not to (or usedn’t to) mind if we came in a little late.† This often sounds rather formal, so that did not use to or didn’t use to (but not didn’t used to) are generally acceptable in informal speech or writing. Likewise, the traditionally correct negative question form used you not to..? or usedn’t you to..? is often replaced, more informally, by didn’t you use to..? If neither of these options seems acceptable, you used to, didn’t you? can be used. Another reader demands, What is your authority for this? My usual authorities are the OED, Merriam-Webster Unabridged Dictionary, and The Chicago Manual of Style. This time, however, I relied for the most part on British and American grammar sites that target English learners. BBC: When talking about things that we did in the past but dont do now we can use the expression  used to. The negative form, to talk about things which we didnt do in the past but do now, is  didnt use to.   Oxford Learner’s Dictionaries: Except in negatives and questions, the correct form is used to: â€Å"I used to go there every Saturday.† To form questions, use did: Did she use to have long hair? The negative form is usually didn’t use to, but in British English this is quite informal and is not usually used in writing. English Stack Exchange: Except in negatives and questions, the correct form is used to: â€Å"we used to go to the movies all the time† (not we use to go to the movies). However, in negatives and questions using the auxiliary verb do, the correct form is use to: â€Å"I didn’t use to like mushrooms† (not I didn’t used to like mushrooms). Finally, several readers wondered about the pronunciation of used to and use to. You’ll find a thorough treatment of British and American pronunciation of these forms at the Oxford Learner’s Dictionaries site. Thanks to all of you for your comments. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Redundant Phrases to Avoid55 Boxing IdiomsUlterior and Alterior

Protesting inequality - Harassment and protest in India Essay

Protesting inequality - Harassment and protest in India - Essay Example In India, women are married young, become young mothers at a young age that then burdens them with stringent financial and domestic responsibilities. A great number of women in India are malnourished as traditionally they should be the last to eat and last to receive medical attention. In relation to education 76%, men in India are educated while only 54% of women are educated; they receive little or no schooling and suffer from unfair and biased divorce and inheritance laws. To generate change the Indian people use the anti-reservation protests, in these protests, they push for integration of women into all the sectors mostly education, and also push for a revision of the existing policies. Other tactic people use to improve the conditions for women is the use of social media. In these, the people understand that the media possesses immense power in regard to influencing masses. In these, they ensure that the media covers all the women issues in India bringing them open to the publi c. In India, Television is one of the pervasive and powerful media that women use to ensure that their message is communicated to the public. Faithful patriots: religion and nationalism Islam is the official religion in Pakistan; the country has the second largest Muslim population after Indonesia. The 2007 census found that 96% of Pakistanis total population was Muslim with 20% being Shia and 76% Sunni. Historically, Islam arrived in Pakistan back in 711CE, after Umayyad dynasty sent a Muslim Arab army against the ruler of Sindh.